68 F. Supp. 6 - Downing v. Howard’s Empirical Analysis
1946
Citation profile
6 federal appellate · 2 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 9 later decisions — most recently March 1961
6 federal appellate · 2 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on City of Indianapolis v. Chase Nat Bank of City of New York · Thomson v. Gaskill · Jefferson & Clearfield Coal & Iron Co. v. United States · North American Co. v. Securities & Exchange Commission · Electric Bond & Share Co. v. Securities & Exchange Comm'n
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 9 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““It shall be unlawful for any person, directly or indirectly, by the use of any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce, or of the mails, or of any facility of any national securities exchange,’ “(1) to employ any device, .scheme or artifice to defraud, “(2) to make any untrue statement of a material fact or to omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, or “(3) to engage in any act, practice, or coui’se of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any person, in connection with the purchase or sale of any security.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.