Baldwin v. Hale’s Empirical Analysis
68 U.S. 223 · 1863
Citation profile
51 federal appellate · 32 district · 113 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 303 later decisions (34 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2025 · most notably Fuentes v. Shevin (1972), Goss v. Lopez (1975)
51 federal appellate · 32 district · 113 state decisions — followed in 29 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Sturges v. Crowninshield · Ogden v. Saunders · M'Millan v. M'Neill · Boyle v. Zacharie
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 303 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“For more than a century the central meaning of procedural due process has been clear: 'Parties whose rights are to be affected are entitled to be heard; and in order that they may enjoy that right they must first be notified.'”
21 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[c]ommon justice requires that no man shall be condemned in his person or property without notice and an opportunity to make his defense”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“"State legislatures have authority to pass a bankrupt or insolvent law, provided there be no act of Congress in force establishing a uniform system of bankruptcy, conflicting with such law; and, provided the law itself be so framed that it does not impair the obligation of contracts. Such was the decision of this court in Sturges v. Crowinshield, 4 Wheat. 122 , and the authority of that decision has never-been successfully questioned.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Brown v. Smart · Lace v. Smith
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.