United States v. Hadaway’s Empirical Analysis
681 F.2d 214 · 1982
Citation profile
76 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 112 later decisions — most recently August 2017 · most notably United States v. Queen (1997), United States v. Rawle (1988)
76 federal appellate · 2 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2
Relies on Stirone v. United States · Michelson v. United States · Houltin v. United States · Jones v. Nor-Tex Agencies, Inc. · Keeble v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 112 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“balance its probative value, defined as its relevance, necessity, and reliability, against the prejudice to the defendant of admitting the evidence.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“create the impression that [Cardenas] was an ogre who should be sent to jail, guilty or not.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.