United States Missouri State High School Activities Association Zander III v. Missouri State High School Activities Association Barnhorst’s Empirical Analysis
1982
Citation profile
3 district · 9 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 27 later decisions — most recently July 2018 · most notably Indiana High School Athletic Ass'n v. Carlberg Ex Rel. Carlberg (1997), 174 W. Va. 8 - Bailey v. Truby (1984)
3 district · 9 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Dandridge v. Williams · San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez · Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc. · Shapiro v. Thompson · Weinberger v. Salfi
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 27 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A rational basis clearly exists for believing that the danger of incurring the harms involved in [the rule’s subject matter] is greater than the danger of parallel harms in other areas. Once a rational relationship exists and it exists here, judicial scrutiny must cease. Whether the rule is wise or creates undue individual hardship are policy decisions better left to legislative and admin istrative bodies and schools themselves are by far the better agencies to devise rales and restrictions governing their extracurricular activities.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“The specified procedures combined with the availability of application under the hardship exception satisfy any procedural due process requirements. (footnote omitted).”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“Students who transfer for reasons other than promotion are ineligible for 365 days.” The court found that the rule satisfied due process requirements where the association's bylaws provided for notice and hearings and also the availability of certain hardship exceptions. Id. at 149, 153. 5 . The handbook provides that”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.