Polk v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1997
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 14 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 18 later decisions — most recently October 2017
2 federal appellate · 14 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 860 (§ 419 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Kolender v. Lawson · Wrenn v. Weinberger · Wellman v. Wellman · Wood v. Metropolitan Life Insurance · Kemp v. Potts
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 18 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(Appellant's Brief at 7). Polk tells us that such knowledge or notice is not required for constitutionality. Our Supreme Court there held: Nothing forces drug offenders to drive within the drug-free zone created by the legislature. To the contrary, they pass there at their own peril and in jeopardy of their own penal interests. Walker 5 settled that drug offenders do not have to know that their activities are taking place near a school.... (Emphasis supplied). If therefore, the Robinson Community Church is a”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“[the school-zone enhancement, far from being unconstitutionally vague, quite clearly communicates to drug offenders a bright[-]line rule as to what conduct is proscribed. Thus a federal constitutional challenge on this ground is meritless.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Whatley v. State · Whatley v. State“because the evidence showed that Polk either actually possessed the cocaine found in the police car or did not possess it at all”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.