United States v. Freeman’s Empirical Analysis
685 F.2d 942 · 1982
Citation profile
96 federal appellate · 10 district · 41 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 183 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably United States v. Abboud (2006), United States v. Percival (1985)
96 federal appellate · 10 district · 41 state decisions — followed in 19 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · Franks v. Delaware · Aguilar v. Texas · Chimel v. California · Coolidge v. New Hampshire
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 183 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he fact that there is probable cause to believe that a person has committed a crime does not automatically give the police probable cause to search his house for evidence of that crime.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“facts must exist in the affidavit which establish a nexus between the house to be searched and the evidence sought.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“may be established 'through normal inferences as to where the articles sought would be located'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.