Towner v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1984
Citation profile
20 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 20 later decisions — most recently February 2026
20 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Patterson v. United States · Geders v. United States · Avis Rent A Car System, Inc. v. City of Chicago · National Organization for Women, Inc. v. Idaho · Boston Firefighters Union, Local 718 v. Boston Chapter, NAACP
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 20 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““Although relevant, evidence may be excluded * * * by considerations of undue delay, waste of time, or needless presentation of cumulative evidence.””
4 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Munden v. State · Story v. State““However, Rule 403 is an extraordinary remedy which should be used sparingly since it allows the court to exclude evidence which is concededly relevant and probative. Its major function is to exclude scant or cumulative evidence which may be unfairly prejudicial, confusing, or needlessly cumulative.” Towner v. State, supra, at 49.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Story v. State“[It is manifest that [evidence which is cumulative to some degree] should not be prohibited when it is sought to be introduced to corroborate [the defendant's] statement, which ... may be, and often is, looked upon by the jury with some degree of suspicion.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. People v. Melendez
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.