Duncan’s Empirical Analysis
Citation profile
3 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 12 later decisions — most recently January 2023
3 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Reynolds v. Sims · Dunn v. Blumstein · Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections Butts · Kramer v. Union Free School District No. 15 · Gray v. Sanders
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 12 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“1. The degree to which one district is financing the other; 2. The voting strength of the non-resident voters; 3. The number of, or potential for, cross-over students; and 4. The existence of any joint programs.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent“the right of suffrage can be denied by a debasement or dilution of the weight of a citizen's vote just as effectively as by wholly prohibiting the free exercise of the franchise.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Howell v. McAuliffe“[n]aturally, any time voters are added to the rolls ... those already on the rolls have had their votes diluted”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissente.g. Howell v. McAuliffe
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.