State v. Carter’s Empirical Analysis
1994
Citation profile
3 federal appellate · 177 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 184 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2025 · most notably Brendlin v. California (2007), State v. Jones (2010)
3 federal appellate · 177 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · United States v. Leon · Carroll v. United States · Mapp v. Ohio · Rakas v. Illinois
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 184 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[b]oth passengers and the driver have standing regarding the legality of a stopping because when the vehicle is stopped, they are equally seized, and their freedom of movement is equally affected.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“officer's inarticulate hunch will not provide a sufficient basis for an investigative stop”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. State v. Muldrow · State v. Berrian“'be derivative of an illegality, or "fruit of the poisonous tree.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.