Hardy v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
691 F.2d 39 · 1982
Citation profile
16 federal appellate · 4 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 30 later decisions — most recently January 2018 · most notably Prou v. United States (1999), United States v. Silva (1984)
16 federal appellate · 4 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 849 (§ 409 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 851 (§ 411 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 26 U.S.C. § 7237 · 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on United States v. Frady · Sandstrom v. Montana · United States v. Noland · United States v. Gill
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 30 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“where a court acts without authority, as opposed to erring within the range of its authority.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he government is free to seek enhancement [pursuant to § 851(a)(1) ] or not. If it chooses not to do so, ... the court is without authority to enhance on its own motion.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[n]o person ... shall be sentenced to increased punishment ... unless....”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.