United States v. Greenleaf’s Empirical Analysis
692 F.2d 182 · 1982
Citation profile
75 federal appellate · 7 district · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 100 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently August 2025 · most notably Bratton v. United States (1983), United States v. Taylor (1995)
75 federal appellate · 7 district · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1341 (White-Collar Crime Penalty Enhancement Act of 2002) · 18 U.S.C. § 1962 (§ 901 of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act)
Relies on Bruton v. United States · Sandstrom v. Montana · Pereira v. United States · United States v. Maze · Kann v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 100 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the defendants must then demonstrate 'clear and gross' injustice.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. United States v. Jose Corpus, United States of America v. Marcos Segundo-Juvinao, United States of America v. Luis Gonzalez, United States of America v. Orlando Toro, United States of America v. Eliezer Valderianques, United States of America v. Jose De Los Santos-Himitola, United States of America v. Walber Meza-Navarro, United States of America v. Pedro Guerrero, United States of America v. Alfonso Gonzalez · United States v. Vest“It is well settled that breach of a fiduciary duty, standing alone, does not constitute mail fraud.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“than that which necessarily inheres whenever multiple defendants ... are jointly tried.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.