White Hawk v. Solem’s Empirical Analysis
693 F.2d 825 · 1982
Citation profile
14 federal appellate · 2 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 22 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently September 2023
14 federal appellate · 2 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 4244 · 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · North Carolina v. Alford · Edwards v. Arizona · Fay v. Noia · McMann v. Richardson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 22 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“As long as there is in fact a strong factual basis supporting a guilty plea, it is valid even if the defendant protests his innocence.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“... It is, after all, the defendant’s prerogative to plead guilty or not, as he chooses. Our inquiry must focus on whether there has been effective assistance of counsel. ____ [E]ach person is ultimately responsible for choosing his own fate, including his position before the law. A defendant has the moral right to stand alone in this hour of trial and to embrace the consequences of that course of action—”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.