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698 So. 2d 1096

DeQuesada v. DeQuesada

Court of Civil Appeals of Alabama

Decided December 6, 1996

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Court of Civil Appeals of Alabama · decided 1996-12-06

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

“"Although the showing of a meritorious defense is a necessary and practical requirement, the quantum of evidence needed to show a meritorious defense has caused some controversy. For this reason, we now establish a standard that will be both workable and consistent with our policy objectives. The defense proffered by the defaulting party must be of such merit as to induce the trial court reasonably to infer that allowing the defense to be litigated could foreseeably alter the outcome of the case. To be more precise, a defaulting party has satisfactorily made a showing of a meritorious defense when allegations in an answer or in a motion to set aside the default judgment and its supporting affidavits, if proven at trial, would constitute a complete defense to the action, or when sufficient evidence has been adduced either by way of affidavit or by some other means to warrant submission of the case to the jury."”

quoted by 1 later decision, including 991 So. 2d 285 - Fuller v. Fuller

“[T]his court and the Supreme Court have reiterated that the trial court `should exercise its broad discretionary powers with liberality and should balance the equities of the case with a strong bias toward allowing the defendant to have his day in court.' Hutchinson v. Hutchinson, 647 So.2d 786, 788 (Ala.Civ.App.1994).”

quoted by 1 later decision, including 71 So. 3d 689 - Beh, Jr. v. State Ex Rel. Mec

Relies on Kirtland v. Fort Morgan Auth. Sewer Serv., Inc. · 441 So. 2d 948 - Evans v. Evans · 559 So. 2d 557 - Fries Correctional Equip., Inc. v. Con-Tech, Inc.

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 1996-12-06

How this case has been cited

Cited by 12 later decisions — most recently October 2018

12 state decisions

70199620002010decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

¶1

¶2Armando DeQuesada, the husband, appeals from the trial court's denial of his motion for relief from a default judgment entered against him in favor of Rebecca Long DeQuesada, the wife.

¶3The parties were divorced on October 4, 1990, after approximately seven years of marriage. The divorce judgment awarded custody of the parties' three children to the wife and ordered the husband to pay $75 per week in child support. On August 8, 1994, the wife filed a petition requesting the trial court to hold the husband in contempt for failure to pay child support. The husband filed an answer, pro se, on October 4, 1994. On September 1, 1995, the circuit clerk dismissed the case, apparently by mistake, for failure to obtain service on the husband; the clerk returned the case to the court's active docket on September 21, 1995, noting that the husband had answered the complaint.

¶4On January 25, 1996, the trial court set a hearing on the contempt petition for April 1, 1996. The circuit clerk issued notices, which were mailed to the parties on February 8, 1996. The husband failed to appear for trial on April 1, 1996, and the trial court entered a default against him. On April 8, 1996, the husband, pro se, filed a motion to set aside the entry of default. The trial court denied the motion on April 11, 1996, and entered a default judgment finding the husband in arrears in child support payments in the amount of $14,240. The trial court ordered that the husband must pay the arrearage amount within three months to purge himself of contempt. On April 26, 1996, the husband, *1098 through counsel, filed a motion to vacate the default judgment. This motion was likewise denied. The husband appeals.

¶5The husband contends that he did not receive the notice of the trial date because the notice was sent to his previous address in Decatur, Alabama, rather than to his current residence. His pro se motion for a new trial included his current address in Hartselle, Alabama. The wife does not dispute the fact that the notice of the trial date was not delivered to the husband, but relies on the proposition that litigants are generally responsible for being aware of their trial date. D J Mineral Mining, Inc. v. Wilson,456 So.2d 1099 (Ala.Civ.App. 1984). While that assertion is correct, we note the "well-settled rule that judgments by default are disfavored because they deprive parties of resolution of issues on the merits." White v. Trantham, 513 So.2d 641 (Ala.Civ.App. 1987) (quoting, Vaughn v. Vaughn, 473 So.2d 1090 (Ala.Civ.App. 1985)).

¶6The trial court may, in its discretion, set aside the entry of a default pursuant to Rule 55(c), Ala. R. Civ. P. Thus, in reviewing the trial court's denial of a motion to set aside a default judgment, we are to determine whether the trial court abused that discretion. White, supra, at 643. However, this court and the Supreme Court have reiterated that the trial court "should exercise its broad discretionary powers with liberality and should balance the equities of the case with a strong bias toward allowing the defendant to have his day in court." Hutchinson v. Hutchinson, 647 So.2d 786, 788 (Ala.Civ.App. 1994). See also, Kirtland v. Fort Morgan Authority SewerService, Inc., 524 So.2d 600 (Ala. 1988) and Fries CorrectionalEquipment, Inc. v. Con-Tech, Inc., 559 So.2d 557 (Ala. 1990).

¶7Our Supreme Court has established three factors that the trial court should consider in exercising its discretion pursuant to Rule 55(c), Ala. R. Civ. P.: "1) whether the defendant has a meritorious defense; 2) whether the plaintiff will be unfairly prejudiced if the default judgment is set aside; and 3) whether the default judgment was a result of the defendant's own culpable conduct." Hutchinson, supra, at 788 (quoting Kirtland, supra, at 605 (Ala. 1987)).

¶8In establishing a meritorious defense, the defaulting party must satisfy the trial court that it is prepared to present a plausible defense; he is not required to show that he would necessarily prevail on the merits. Con-Tech, supra, at 561. "The defense proffered by the defaulting party must be of such merit as to induce the trial court reasonably to infer that allowing the defense to be litigated could forseeably alter the outcome of the case." Id. (quoting Kirtland, supra, at 606).

¶9The husband stated in his answer to the complaint and in his motion to set aside the default judgment that the wife was not entitled to all of the child support arrearage that she claimed. He stated that she had failed to give him credit for some of the payments that he made to her and that the children had lived with him for a substantial time since the divorce; this latter fact, he argues, would negate his obligation to pay some of the child support. Thus, the husband alleged sufficient facts to counter the wife's claim against him. See, e.g., Appalachian Stove Fabricators, Inc.v. Roberts, 544 So.2d 893, 897 (Ala. 1989). If proven, these facts would present a plausible defense and would alter the outcome of the case, and, therefore, satisfy the first factor of the analysis.

¶10In support of the second factor, the husband argues that setting aside the default judgment would not unfairly prejudice the wife. Mere delay is insufficient to establish prejudice; delay is considered prejudicial only if it would result in the loss of evidence, create increased difficulties of discovery, or provide a greater opportunity for fraud or collusion. Hutchinson, supra, at 789. There is no evidence of such potential prejudice; therefore, the second prong has been met.

¶11The final element to be considered is the defaulting party's culpability. The evidence is undisputed that the notice of the trial date was not sent to the husband's current residence, but to his previous address. Although the notice was not returned to the circuit clerk as undelivered, there is no evidence to *1099 contradict the husband's assertion that the notice did not reach him.

¶12The wife argues that the husband was culpable by failing to inform the circuit clerk of his new address. However, the situation appears to fall into the category of excusable neglect rather that culpable conduct. This court has stated:

¶13 "We think that especially in the divorce context, a court should be particularly reluctant to uphold a default judgment (and thereby deprive a litigant of his day in court) because it means that such important issues as child custody, alimony, and division of property will be summarily resolved."

Evans v. Evans, 441 So.2d 948, 950 (Ala.Civ.App. 1983). The record does not indicate how the husband was informed of the entry of default; however, the record does reveal that he promptly took action by moving to have it set aside and by asserting a meritorious defense in support of his motion. See, e.g., White, supra at 643; Hutchinson, supra, at 789. See, alsoCon-Tech, supra, at 563 (reversing denial of motion to set aside default judgment where there was disputed evidence that the defaulting party had avoided process).

¶14For the foregoing reasons, we hold that the trial court's refusal to set aside the default judgment constituted an abuse of discretion. Therefore, the denial of the motion to set aside the default judgment is reversed, and the cause is remanded so that the case may be resolved on the merits.

¶15REVERSED AND REMANDED.

¶16ROBERTSON, P.J., and YATES and CRAWLEY, JJ., concur.

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