Vander Jagt v. O'Neill’s Empirical Analysis
699 F.2d 1166 · 1983
Citation profile
64 federal appellate · 35 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 181 later decisions (3 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2025 · most notably Allen v. Wright (1984), Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow (2004)
64 federal appellate · 35 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 294
Relies on Warth v. Seldin · Baker v. Carr · Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Inc. · Association of Data Processing Service Organizations, Inc. v. Camp · United States v. Nixon
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 181 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“All of the doctrines that cluster about Article III--not only standing but mootness, ripeness, political question, and the like--relate in part, and in different though overlapping ways, to an idea, which is more than an intuition but less than a rigorous and explicit theory, about the constitutional and prudential limits to the powers of an unelected, unrepresentative judiciary in our kind of government.”
20 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“... Article I simply means that neither we nor the Executive Branch may tell Congress what rules it must adopt. Article I does not alter our judicial responsibility to say what rules Congress may not adopt because of constitutional infirmity.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. Barker v. Conroy · Barker v. Conroy“may not by its rules ignore constitutional restraints or violate fundamental rights.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.