United States v. Lee’s Empirical Analysis
699 F.2d 466 · 1982
Citation profile
42 federal appellate · 6 district · 11 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 67 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently February 2017 · most notably Oregon v. Elstad (1985), United States v. Perdue (1993)
42 federal appellate · 6 district · 11 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1153
Relies on Wong Sun v. United States · Brown v. Illinois · Dunaway v. New York · United States v. Booth · United States v. Johnson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 67 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[The defendant] was questioned in a closed FBI car with two officers for well over an hour while police investigators were in and around his house. The agents allowed him to repeat his exculpatory story, then for 15 minutes confronted him with evidence of his guilt, and told him it was time to tell the truth, but did not advise him of his rights. In such circumstances a reasonably innocent person could conclude that he was not free to leave.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“"The circumstances surrounding a prior illegal confession may in some cases carry over and taint a subsequent confession, thereby rendering it inadmissible, even if the accused has been advised of his Miranda rights prior to the second confession. In order for this causal chain to be severed, the second confession must be sufficiently an act of free will to purge the primary taint."”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Here, the second confession, a virtual repetition of the first, was obtained less than 24 hours after the first confession was elicited without Miranda warnings. . . . [T]he [second] confession was correctly suppressed as the fruit of the poisonous tree”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Oregon v. Elstad
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.