Wolf-Lillie v. Sonquist’s Empirical Analysis
699 F.2d 864 · 1983
Citation profile
150 federal appellate · 8 district · 16 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 361 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2021 · most notably Hudson v. Palmer (1984), Bell v. City of Milwaukee (1984)
150 federal appellate · 8 district · 16 state decisions — followed in 11 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2041
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Adickes v. S. H. Kress & Co. · Parratt v. Taylor · Rizzo v. Goode · Polk County v. Dodson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 361 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[s]ection 1983 creates a cause of action based upon personal liability and predicated upon fault. An individual cannot be held liable in a Sec. 1983 action unless he caused or participated in an alleged constitutional deprivation.”
25 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“... a local government may not be sued under § 1983 for an injury inflicted solely by its employees or agents. Instead, it is when execution of a government’s policy or custom, whether made by its lawmakers or by those whose edicts or acts may fairly be said to represent official policy, inflicts the injury that the government as an entity is responsible under § 1983.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“consider the adequacy and availability of remedies under state law before concluding that a deprivation of life, liberty, or property violates due process of law.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.