Gardner v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1985
Citation profile
36 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 37 later decisions — most recently December 2018 · most notably Johnson v. State (1998), Dewberry v. State (1999)
36 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Burks v. United States · Greene v. Massey · Hopt v. People of the Territory of Utah · Paulus v. State · Gutierrez v. State
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 37 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“But mere hearsay is not only not the best, nor even secondary evidence; it is no evidence.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Chambers v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.