¶1Action to recover possession of the undivided half of certain real estate.
¶2The defendant denied each and every allegation in the complaint.
¶3And he answered that the plaintiff and the defendant purchased the land jointly, each agreeing to pay one-half of the purchase-money, and both agreeing further, that if the plaintiff failed to pay the one-half, the defendant might pay the whole, and become the sole owner of the land; that the plaintiff did fail to pay; that the defendant paid *179the whole, and, by consent of plaintiff, took possession and received the deed for the whole of the land, &c.
¶4The Court sustained a demurrer to this answer, the cause was tried upon the replications to the general denials, and a judgment rendered that the plaintiff recover, &c.
¶5On the trial the plaintiff proved the joint purchase by himself and the defendant of the land, the payment for it in the presence of both purchasers, and the reception of a joint deed from the seller by them, which was left with defendant. He. further proved that the defendant, in his absence, subsequently surrendered that deed to be can-celled, and procured another purporting to convey the whole of the land to himself; that the defendant was in the exclusive possession, claiming the entire interest, &c.
¶6This was substantially all the evidence in the cause.
¶7It is unimportant to inquire into the correctness of the ruling of the Court below upon the demurrer, as the whole question upon the title necessarily came up on the trial upon the general denial of the plaintiff’s right. The plaintiff, to make out his case, was compelled.to prove title. Of/ this his deed would be the best evidence. But this deed! had been destroyed, and he was driven to prove its contents.! This, he would not be permitted to do, if the deed had been surrendered and destroyed by his own voluntary act or con- i sent. Wilson et ux. v. Cassidy et al., 2 Ind. R. 562, and authority cited. Hence, he was compelled to, and did, enter upon a course of evidence that covered the whole ground assumed in the answer, and enabled the defendant to prove the facts set up in it if he could. He attempted, and failed, and the case rests upon the first deed of conveyance. That joint deed from the seller of the land to the plaintiff and defendant vested in them jointly the title, and the destruction of it by one of the grantees without the consent of the other, did not have the effect to divest the joint title. Hence, the plaintiff had a right to recover. The voluntary surrender and destruction of an unrecorded ‘ deed, may have the effect of divesting the title of the grantee by estopping him from proving the contents of the *180destroyed instrument, and thus disabling him to establish title in himself.
¶8The judgment is affirmed, with 1 per cent, damages and costs.