Enoch v. Gramley’s Empirical Analysis
70 F.3d 1490 · 1995
Citation profile
25 federal appellate · 6 district · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 55 later decisions — most recently July 2021 · most notably Moss v. United States (2003), United States v. Westbrook (1997)
25 federal appellate · 6 district · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Strickland v. Washington · Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Chapman v. State of California · Edwards v. Arizona · Brecht v. Abrahamson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 55 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[b]riefly reciting to a suspect in custody the basis for holding him, without more, cannot be the functional equivalent of interrogation.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“briefly stat[ing] the evidence against him”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[W]here there has been an actual or constructive denial of assistance of counsel altogether, the defendant does not need to establish prejudice.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Holland v. Hanks
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.