United States v. Bifield’s Empirical Analysis
702 F.2d 342 · 1983
Citation profile
47 federal appellate · 6 district · 15 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 83 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2019 · most notably Nix v. Whiteside (1986), United States v. Yousef (2003)
47 federal appellate · 6 district · 15 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 3481 · 18 U.S.C. § 751
Relies on Faretta v. California · Jackson v. Denno · Harris v. New York · United States v. Bailey · Poe v. Ullman
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 83 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'specifically and repeatedly that [the defendant] was innocent when presented for trial and continued to be innocent until such time, if ever, as the government proved his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt,'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“[T]he instructions ... when read in their entirety, were sufficiently clear so as not to dilute the presumption of innocence to which appellant is entitled.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“it is better practice to avoid using [such] language.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.