Zimmerman v. North American Signal Co.’s Empirical Analysis
704 F.2d 347 · 1983
Citation profile
53 federal appellate · 3 district · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 114 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently May 2017 · most notably Walters v. Metropolitan Educational Enterprises, Inc. (1997), United States v. Franz (1989)
53 federal appellate · 3 district · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 630 (§ 11 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Parham v. Southwestern Bell Telephone Co. · Baker v. Stuart Broadcasting Co. · United States v. Marubeni America Corp. · Zeigler Coal Co. v. Kleppe
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 114 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“militates against distorting traditional concepts of employment relationships.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. 40 Fair empl.prac.cas. 766, 39 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 36,023 Cristela Chavero, and All Other Members of the Class Similarly Affected v. Local 241, a Division of the Amalgamated Transit Union, an Unincorporated Association Doing Business in Washington, D.C. And the State of Illinois · 776 F. Supp. 391 - Grantham v. Beatrice Co.“... a person [including a corporation] engaged in an industry affecting commerce who has twenty or more employees for each working day in each of twenty or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year ...”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“a court's interpretation of the term 'employer' cannot contradict the statutory definition.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.