United States v. Scalf’s Empirical Analysis
708 F.2d 1540 · 1983
Citation profile
26 federal appellate · 4 district · 12 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 52 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2018 · most notably Arizona v. Roberson (1988), United States v. Gonzalez-Sandoval (1990)
26 federal appellate · 4 district · 12 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 18 U.S.C. § 2113
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Wong Sun v. United States · Edwards v. Arizona · Michigan v. Tucker · Hullum v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 52 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“is imputed to all law enforcement officers who subsequently deal with the suspect”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“On remand, [from the Supreme Court], the Seventh Circuit concluded that under Edwards , the fact that the investigating officers were unaware of White’s earlier request for counsel was irrelevant, and the confession should have been suppressed. White III, supra, at 887-88 & n.9. Other courts have reached the same conclusion. Karr v. Wolff, 556 F.Supp. 760, 765 (N.D.Ill. 1983) (dictum); US. v. Lilia, 534 F.Supp. 1247, 1280 (N.D.N.Y.1982); Louisiana v. Arceneaux, 425 So.2d 740, 744 (La. 1983); see also U.S. ex rel. Kimes v. Greer, 527 F.Supp. 307, 310 (N.D. Ill. 1981) (good faith of officer who questioned suspect after request for counsel is irrelevant). We believe this to be a correct statement of the law.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent“a valid waiver of that right cannot be established by showing only that [the suspect] responded to further police-initiated custodial interrogation even if he has been advised of his rights.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.