Marrero by Tabales v. Com.’s Empirical Analysis
1998
Citation profile
13 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 13 later decisions — most recently September 2017
13 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Baker v. Carr · William Marbury v. James Madison · McKnight v. Commonwealth · Martinez Ex Rel. Morales v. Bynum · Wilson v. Philadelphia School District
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 13 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The Constitution “makes it impossible for a legislature to set up an educational policy which future legislatures cannot change” because “the very essence of this section is to enable successive legislatures to adopt a changing program to keep abreast of educational advances.” It would be no less contrary to the “essence” of the Constitutional provision for this Court to bind future Legislatures and school boards to a present judicial view of a constitutionally required “normal” program of educational services. It is only through free experimentation that the best possible educational services can be achieved. Even were this Court to attempt to define the specific components of a “thorough and efficient education” in a manner which would foresee the needs of the future, the only judicially manageable standard this court could adopt would be the rigid rule that each pupil must receive the same dollar expenditures.... [Hjowever, ... expenditures are not the exclusive yardstick of educational quality, or even of educational quantity.... The educational product is dependent upon many factors, including the wisdom of the expenditures as well as the efficiency and economy with which available resources are utilized. As long as the legislative scheme for financing public education “has a reasonable relation” to “[providing] for the maintenance and support of a thorough and efficient system of public schools,” Teachers’ Tenure Act Cases [ 329 Pa. 213 ] at 224, 197 A. [344] at 352, th”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“The provisions of the Declaratory Judgments Act, 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 7531— 7541, govern petitions for declaratory judgments. Declaratory judgments are not obtainable as a matter of right. Rather, whether a court should exercise jurisdiction over a declaratory judgment proceeding is a matter of sound judicial discretion. Thus, the granting of a petition for a declaratory judgment is a matter lying within the sound discretion of a court of original jurisdiction. Section 7533 of the Declaratory Judgments Act provides, in pertinent part, that “[a]ny person ... whose rights, status, or other legal relations are affected by a statute ... may have determined any question of construction or validity arising under the ... statute ... and obtain a declaration of rights, status, or other legal relations thereunder.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 7533. Under section 7533, constitutional challenges to a statute’s validity, such as that raised in the instant matter, may be decided by declaratory judgment. Accordingly, in the instant declaratory judgment action, this court’s inquiry concerns the ascertainment of the rights of the parties and whether protection for the rights asserted by Petitioner’s can be judicially molded.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“Thus, this court will not inquire into the reason, wisdom, or expediency of the legislative policy with regard to education, nor any matters relating to legislative determinations of school policy or the scope of educational activity. In short, as the Supreme Court was unable to judicially define what constitutes a “normal program of educational services” in Danson , this court is likewise unable to judicially define what constitutes an “adequate” education or what funds are “adequate” to support such a program. These are matters which are exclusively within the purview of the General Assembly’s powers, and they are not subject to intervention by the judicial branch of our government.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.