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71 Haw. 147

785 P.2d 1311

State v. Hoglund

Hawaii Supreme Court

Decided January 26, 1990

Hawaii Supreme Court · decided 1990-01-26

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

“Generally, the failure to properly raise an issue at the trial level precludes a party from raising that issue on appeal.”

quoted by 17 later decisions, including State v. Silver, DURAL v. State

“Revocation of privilege to drive motor vehicle or moped upon refusal to submit to testing, (a)If a person under arrest refuses to submit to a breath or blood test, none shall be given, except as provided in section 286-163, but the arresting officer, as soon as practicable, shall submit an affidavit to a district judge of the circuit in which the arrest was made, stating: (1) That at the time of the arrest, the arresting officer had reasonable grounds to believe the arrested person had either been driving or was in actual physical control of a motor vehicle or moped upon the public highways while under the influence of intoxicating liquor; (2) That the arrested person had been informed of the sanctions of this section; and (3) That the person had refused to submit to a breath or blood test. (b)Upon receipt of the affidavit, the district judge shall hold a hearing as provided in section 286-156, and shall determine whether the statements contained in the affidavit are true and correct. If the district judge finds the statements contained in the affidavit are true, the judge shall revoke the arrested person’s license, permit, or any nonresident privilege to operate a motor vehicle or moped in the State as follows: (1) For a first revocation, or any revocation not preceded within a five-year period by a revocation under this section, for a period of twelve months; and (2) For any subsequent revocation under this section, for a period not less than two years and not more than fiv”

quoted by 1 later decision, including State v. Matautia

Relies on Gideon v. Wainwright · Argersinger v. Hamlin · Scott v. Illinois

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 1990-01-26

How this case has been cited

Cited by 87 later decisions — most recently May 2024 · most notably Kawamata Farms, Inc. v. United Agri Products (1997), Dan v. State (1994)

2 federal appellate · 85 state decisions

2901990200020102020decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

¶1 OPINION OF THE COURT BY

HAYASHI, J.

¶2 Defendant-Appellant Jeffrey Carl Hoglund (Appellant) appeals from the judgment and sentence entered on March 10, *148 1989, by the District Court of the First Circuit, Honolulu Division. On November 7, 1988, Appellant was found guilty of Driving Under the Influence of Intoxicating Liquor (DUI) in violation of Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) § 291-4(a)(2) (1985). Based upon asserted evidence of a prior DUI conviction, Appellant was sen-. tenced as a second-time offender pursuant to HRS § 2914(b)(2) (1985). We affirm.

¶3 I.

¶4 FACTUAL BACKGROUND

¶5 The State and Appellant submitted this case on stipulated facts. Based upon these facts, the trial court found Appellant guilty as charged with respect to the offense of DUI on November 7, 1988. The trial court continued sentencing to February 2,1989, to allow the State to present evidence for possible enhanced sentencing.

¶6 At the sentencing hearing on February 2, 1989, the State offered into evidence, without objection by Appellant, a certified copy of Appellant’s traffic abstract to prove that Appellant had a prior DUI conviction within five years of the present offense. The trial court then continued sentencing to March 10, 1989, to allow Appellant to respond in writing to the State’s memorandum asserting that a defendant may be sentenced as a second-time offender under HRS § 2914(b)(2) without proof that he was represented by counsel or made a waiver thereof at the prior DUI conviction.

¶7 On March 10,1989, after reviewing both parties’ memoranda, the trial court adjudged Appellant a second-time offender and sentenced him as follows: a one-year license suspension, a $500 fine, 80 hours of community service and an alcohol dependence assessment, and treatment if necessary, at his expense. No jail time was imposed.

¶8*149 On March 28,1989 Appellant filed a Motion for Correction of Sentence. The trial court subsequently denied that motion on April 7, 1989. This timely appeal followed.

¶9 II.

¶10 At issue is the sentencing of repeat DUI offenders. The DUI sentencing statute, HRS § 291^4(b) reads in pertinent part as follows:

§ 291-4 Driving under influence of intoxicating liquor.
(b) A person committing the offense of driving under the influence of intoxicating liquor shall be sentenced as follows without possibility of probation or suspension of sentence:
(1) For a first offense, or any offense not preceded within a five-year period by a conviction under this section, by:
(A) A fourteen-hour minimum alcohol abuse rehabilitation program including education and counseling, or other comparable program deemed appropriate by the court; and
(B) Ninety-day prompt suspension of license with absolute prohibition from operating a motor vehicle during suspension of license, or the court may impose, in lieu of the ninety-day prompt suspension of license, a minimum thirty-day prompt suspension of license with absolute prohibition from operating a motor vehicle and, for the remainder of the ninety-day period, a restriction on the license that allows the person to drive for limited *150 work-related purposes and to participate in alcoholism treatment programs; and
(C) Any one or more of the following;
(i) Seventy-two hours of community service work; or
(ii) Not less than forty-eight hours of imprisonment; or
(iii) A fine of not less than $150 but not more than $1,000.
(2) For an offense which occurs within five years of a prior conviction under this section;
(A) Prompt suspension of license for a period of one year with the absolute prohibition from operating a motor vehicle during suspension of license;
(B) Either one of the following:
(i) Not less than eighty hours of community service work; or
(ii) Not less than forty-eight consecutive hours of imprisonment; and
(C) A fine of not less than $500 but not more than $1,000.

¶11 Seeking to vacate his sentence on appeal, Appellant contends that the trial court erred in sentencing him as a second-time DUI offender because the State did not prove beyond a reasonable doubt: 1) that Appellant had a prior conviction where the Stale’s evidence consisted of a certified copy of a traffic abstract; and 2) that Appellant had been represented by counsel or had voluntarily and intelligently waived counsel at his alleged prior DUI conviction.

¶12 Generally, the failure to properly raise an issue at the trial level precludes a party from raising that issue on appeal. State v. Cummings, 49 Haw. 522, 423 P.2d 438 (1967). Appellant raises the issue of the adequacy of the traffic abstract to prove his prior *151 conviction for the first time on appeal. As the trial court did not consider and rule upon this issue, we decline to consider it on appeal.

¶13 The sole issue we address, therefore, is whether the trial court erred in sentencing Appellant as a second-time offender where the State’s evidence did not show whether or not Appellant had been represented by counsel or had voluntarily and intelligently waived that right at the prior asserted DUI conviction. Appellant contends that his right to counsel and due process require that such a showing be made. We disagree.

¶14 The United States Supreme Court in Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963), interpreted the right to counsel under the Sixth Amendment, applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment, to include the right of an indigent charged with a felony to have counsel provided. The Court further extended that right in Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25 (1972), by recognizing the right to appointed counsel in a misdemeanor case where the defendant was sentenced to imprisonment. Argersinger, however, specifically left open the question of whether that right to counsel extended to all misdemeanor cases having imprisonment as an authorized penalty or to only those cases in which imprisonment was actually imposed.

¶15 Presented this issue in Scott v. Illinois, 440 U.S. 367 (1979), the United States Supreme Court held that “the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution require only that no indigent criminal defendant be sentenced to a term of imprisonment unless the State has afforded him the right to assistance of appointed counsel in his defense.” 440 U.S. at 373-74. The Court chose actual imprisonment, therefore, as the line delimiting the constitutional right to appointment of counsel. 440 U.S. at 373.

¶16 In Baldosar v. Illinois, 446 U.S. 222 (1980), the United States Supreme Court limited the use of an uncounseled conviction with respect to enhanced sentencing. The Court there held that although *152 an “uncounseled misdemeanor conviction is constitutionally valid if the offender is not incarcerated,” 446 U.S. at 222, it is not valid for all purposes; specifically, it cannot be used collaterally to impose an increased term of imprisonment upon a subsequent conviction pursuant to a repeat offender statute because it is not sufficiently reliable to support the severe sanction of imprisonment.

Theodore Y. H. Chinn (Carrie Nakaoka, and Public Defender Richard W. Pollack, on the opening brief), Deputy Public Defenders, for Defendant-Appellant. James M. Anderson, Deputy Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee.

¶17 Under Scott, Appellant’s first allegedly uncounseled conviction was valid to convict Appellant in his first DUI offense because the record reflects that no imprisonment was imposed. Because Baldosar only prohibits the use of an uncounseled conviction to impose an enhanced sentence where an increased term of imprisonment results, and as no increased term of imprisonment was imposed here for Appellant’s second conviction, we find that the State was not required to show that Appellant’s prior conviction was counseled..

¶18 Affirmed.

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