Armbruster v. Quinn’s Empirical Analysis
711 F.2d 1332 · 1983
Citation profile
101 federal appellate · 27 district · 17 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 266 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2019 · most notably Arbaugh v. Y & H Corp. (2006), Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. St. Francis Xavier Parochial School (1997)
101 federal appellate · 27 district · 17 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 152 (§ 2 of the National Labor Relations Act) · 29 U.S.C. § 215 · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 703 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States · McNutt v. General Motors Acceptance Corp. · Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co. · Zipes v. Trans World Airlines, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 266 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he most important requirement is that there be sufficient indicia of an interrelationship between an immediate corporate employer and the affiliated corporation to justify the belief on the part of an aggrieved employee that the affiliated corporation is jointly responsible for the acts of the immediate employer. When such a degree of interrelatedness is present, we consider the departure from the “normal” separate existence between entities an adequate reason to view the subsidiary’s conduct as that of both.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““Though the manner in which the parties view the relationship is some evidence as to whether the [person] will be deemed an ‘employee’ for Title VII purposes, it is not determinative of that question. Rather, one must examine the economic realities underlying the relationship between the individual and the so-called principal in an effort to determine whether that individual is likely to be susceptible to the discriminatory practices which the act was designed to eliminate.””
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'an amount of participation [that] is sufficient and necessary to the total employment process, even absent total control or ultimate authority over hiring decisions.'”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.