Pennington v. Hobson’s Empirical Analysis
1989
Citation profile
4 federal appellate · 1 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 13 later decisions — most recently December 2015
4 federal appellate · 1 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Mathews v. Eldridge
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 13 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“As this Court has previously stated: Qualified immunity is a fact-sensitive issue, and it is determined by an objective, rather than a subjective standard: immunity turned on whether a reasonable official in the defendant’s position at the time the cause of action arose would have known that the challenged conduct violated a clearly established right. Further, the right allegedly violated must be defined with specificity—a plaintiff cannot defeat the defense of immunity by asserting that the defendants violated some broad constitutional precept.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“reasonable police officers [were] on notice that the Constitution proscribed intentional deprivations of liberty in the face of clearly exculpatory evidence.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.