State v. Ulmer’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

2 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 2 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “The design of the restroom ... affords a user more than a modicum of privacy by virtue of the partitions that separate the urinals. When a person steps up to a urinal, the partitions and the user's body create a space in which the user would quite obviously expect to be free from even incidental observation, let alone from the exploring eyes of predatory restroom stalkers. In that space shielded from the public's view by partitions and the user's body, we conclude that a reasonable person has an expectation of privacy. Put differently, only an unreasonable person would consider that space open to public viewing.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. State of Iowa v. Paul Andrew Monahan

2. “a doorless toilet stall would not tend to offer privacy during use, while a partitioned urinal stall would.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. State of Iowa v. Paul Andrew Monahan

3. “was watching an unattended seven-year-old boy in the vicinity of the men's public restroom.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. State of Iowa v. Paul Andrew Monahan