Todd v. Hawk’s Empirical Analysis
72 F.3d 443 · 1995
Citation profile
9 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 22 later decisions — most recently January 2019
9 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 1985 · 42 U.S.C. § 1986 · 42 U.S.C. § 2000D · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 703 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics · Leatherman v. Tarrant County Narcotics Intelligence and Coordination Unit · Elliott v. Perez · Schultea v. Wood · Quincy Lairsey and Frances Lairsey v. The Advance Abrasives Company
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 22 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“fully anticipate the defense in his complaint at the risk of dismissal under Rule 12.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Racial discrimination claims brought under 1981 are subject to the defense of qualified immunity.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.