¶1— Suit by the appellees against the appellant upon the following instrument, viz.:
“$800.00. ' Cincinnati, Feb. 8, 187Q.
“One day after date we promise to pay to the order of Maddux Brothers eight hundred dollars, payable at-, value received. Hutchinson & Cox.”
¶2The appellant answered, admitting the execution of the note, that on the 8th day of December, 1873, the appellees brought suit thereon in the U. S. District Court, for the District of Kansas, against Hutchinson alone, and recovered a judgment against him, to which suit the appellant was not made a party.
¶3To this answer the appellees replied that at the time said suit was brought, and judgment obtained, the appellant was a non-resident of Kansas, and a resident of Arkansas. A demurrer to this reply was overruled, and upon this ruling ¡alone the appellant has assigned error.
¶4*207That a judgment taken against one of the joint makers of a note or contract merges the cause of action and bars a separate action against the other maker or makers, is well settled law. Archer v. Heiman, 21 Ind. 29; Crosby v. Jeroloman, 37 Ind. 264; Barnett v. Juday, 38 Ind. 86; Root v. Dill, 38 Ind. 169; Holman v. Langtree, 40 Ind. 349; Odell v. Carpenter, 71 Ind. 463.
¶5There are, however, exceptions to this rule. Where one of two joint debtors has died, a judgment against the survivor does not bar proceedings against the estate of the other. Devol v. Halstead, 16 Ind. 287.
¶6Another exception is where the joint makers of the contract are not residents of the same State, or all within the process of any court in which the suit could be brought. The plain reason for these exceptions is that the holder of the obligation should not be deemed to have waived his claim or remedy against any maker, by reason of a separate suit and judgment against another maker, when a joint suit was impossible. See Root v. Dill, supra;Freeman on Judgments, 193, sec. 234.
¶7It seems to be clear that the U. S. District Court for the District of Kansas, wherein the judgment was obtained against Hutchinson, had no jurisdiction over the person of the appellant, Cox, who resided in the State of Arkansas. Brightley’s Digest, p. 127, notes m and l; R. S. U. S., sections 737, 738 and 739.
¶8The State of Kansas constitutes one judicial district, while in Arkansas there are two districts. R. S. U. S., sections 531 and 533.
¶9The court committed no error in overruling the demurrer in question.
¶10Judgment affirmed, with costs.