722 So. 2d 1097 - State v. Rainey’s Empirical Analysis
1998
Citation profile
35 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 35 later decisions — most recently August 2017 · most notably 742 So. 2d 671 - State v. Hollins (1999), 831 So. 2d 503 - State v. Tracy (2002)
35 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Jackson v. Virginia · Sandstrom v. Montana · 419 So. 2d 475 - State v. Lanclos · 523 So. 2d 1305 - State v. Mussall · McKay v. Jobin
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 35 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Now, the defendant has raised a legal justification claim of self-defense. The use of force or violence upon the person of another is justifiable for the purpose of preventing a forcible offense against one's person if the force used is reasonable and apparently necessary to prevent the offense. A person who has not engaged in any unlawful activity and is in a place where he or she has a right to be has no duty to retreat before using force or violence for the purpose of preventing a forcible offense against [his] or her person. In such circumstances a person may stand his or her own ground and meet force with force. The possibility of retreat shall not be considered as [a] factor in determining whether or not the person had a reasonable belief that the use of force or violence was reasonable and apparently necessary to prevent the forcible offense against his or her person. Thus if you find that the defendant committed the offense charged for the purpose of preventing a forcible offense against his person, and 2) that the amount of force [or] violence used was reasonable and 3) that the force or violence was apparently necessary to prevent the forcible offense then you must find the defendant not guilty. A defendant who seeks to justify his actions by the legal claim of self-defense must prove his claim by a preponderance of the evidence. Now, in applying all this law which the court has given to you about the evidence and the witnesses and the definitions, you must remember”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“[I]n the non-homicide situation, the defense of self-defense requires a dual inquiry; an objective inquiry into whether the force used was reasonable under the circumstances; a subjective inquiry into whether the force was apparently necessary. Thus, since the subjective inquiry is required, it is the defendant who would be in a better position to know those subjective facts. In fairness to the state this court believes that it would be placing an onerous burden on the state to disprove subjective influences on the defendant as it relates to self-defense or defense of another especially since the defendant has these facts at his disposal to produce to the court. [Citations omitted.]”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“[i]t is justifiable to use force or violence or to kill in the defense of another person when it is reasonably apparent that the person attacked could have justifiably used such means himself, and when it is reasonably believed that such intervention is necessary to protect the other person.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.