Gracyalny v. Westinghouse Electric Corp.’s Empirical Analysis
723 F.2d 1311 · 1983
Citation profile
26 federal appellate · 3 district · 13 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 70 later decisions — most recently January 2018 · most notably Flaminio v. Honda Motor Co. (1984), Adams v. Union Carbide Corp. (1984)
26 federal appellate · 3 district · 13 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Erie Co v. Tompkins · Singleton v. Wulff · TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc. · Helvering v. Gowran · Corallo v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 70 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“One who supplies directly or through a third person a chattel for another to use is subject to liability to those whom the supplier should expect to use the chattel with the consent of the other or to be endangered by its probable use, for physical harm caused by the use of the chattel in the manner for which and by a person for whose use it is supplied, if the supplier (a) knows or has reason to know that the chattel is or is likely to be dangerous for the use for which it is supplied, and (b) has no reason to believe that those for whose use the chattel is supplied will realize its dangerous condition, and (c) fails to exercise reasonable care to inform them of its dangerous condition or of the facts which make it likely to be dangerous.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“a grant of summary judgment may be affirmed on any ground that finds support in the record”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“the user or consumer without substantial change in the condition in which it is sold.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissente.g. Toth v. Yoder Co.
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.