South Florida Chapter of the Associated General Contractors of America, Inc. v. Metropolitan Dade County’s Empirical Analysis
723 F.2d 846 · 1984
Citation profile
18 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 45 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently August 2004 · most notably Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena (1995), City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co. (1989)
18 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1343 · 28 U.S.C. § 2201 · 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866)
Relies on Hagans v. Lavine · Regents of the University of California v. Bakke · Fullilove v. Klutznick · Ohio Contractors Ass'n v. Keip
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 45 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) that the governmental body have the authority to pass such legislation; (2) that adequate findings have been made to ensure that the governmental body is remedying the present effects of past discrimination rather than advancing one racial or ethnic group’s interests over another; and (3) that the use of such classifications extend no further than the established need of remedying the effects of past discrimination.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“In light of the diversity of views on the Supreme Court, determining what 'test' will eventually emerge is highly speculative.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. S.J. Groves & Sons Company and Jasper Construction Company v. Fulton County, U.S. Department of Transportation, S.J. Groves & Sons Company and Jasper Construction Company v. Fulton County, Defendant-Cross-Claim S.J. Groves Company and Jasper Construction Company v. Fulton County, Defendant-Cross-Claim United States Department of Transportation and James H. Burnley, Iv, Secretary, United States Department of Transportation, Defendant-Cross-Claim S.J. Groves & Sons Company and Jasper Construction Co., Inc. v. Fulton County, United States Department of Transportation, James H. Burnley, Iv, Secretary, United States Department of Transportation · Paradise v. Prescott“identified discrimination against Dade County black contractors....”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.