United States v. Mitchell’s Empirical Analysis
725 F.2d 832 · 1983
Citation profile
46 federal appellate · 12 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 72 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently February 2015 · most notably Dixon v. United States (2006), United States v. Villegas (1990)
46 federal appellate · 12 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113
Relies on Mullaney v. Wilbur · Patterson v. New York · Starnes v. Penrod Drilling Co. · Leland v. Oregon · Powell v. Texas
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 72 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“there was no reasonable opportunity to escape other than by engaging in the otherwise unlawful activity.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“[W]e do well to bear in mind the Supreme Court’s observation that “[t]he doctrines of actus reus, mens rea, insanity, mistake, justification, and duress have historically provided the tools for a constantly shifting adjustment of the tension between the evolving aims of the criminal law and changing religious, moral, philosophical, and medical views of the nature of man,” Powell v. Texas, 392 U.S. 514, 536 , 88 S.Ct. 2145, 2156 , 20 L.Ed.2d 1254 (1968).”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“distinct element of lack of a reasonable opportunity to escape the threatening situation”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.