Hutton v. Klabal’s Empirical Analysis
1989
Citation profile
How this case has been cited
Cited by 37 later decisions — most recently June 2018 · most notably ESI, Inc. v. Coastal Power Production Co. (1998), Cauff, Lippman & Co. v. Apogee Finance Group, Inc. (1992)
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1961 (§ 901 of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 1331 · 28 U.S.C. § 1332 (Class Action Fairness Act of 2005)
Relies on California State Board of Equalization v. Western Marina Corp. · United Families of America v. Kendrick · Castor v. United States · Marino v. United States · ITT Continental Baking Co. v. William Inglis & Sons Baking Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 37 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“In all averments of fraud ..., the circumstances constituting fraud ... shall be stated with particularity. Malice, intent, knowledge, and other condition of mind of a person may be averred generally.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) the existence of a ... fiduciary relationship, (2) the making of a promise, (3) a transfer in reliance on the promise, [and] (4) unjust enrichment.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. McCallion v. Lane
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.