Lankford’s Empirical Analysis
Citation profile
18 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 25 later decisions — most recently March 2022 · most notably Penelope Murrell Penelope Jones v. School District No Denver Colorado School District, Settlemire v. District of Columbia Office of Employee Appeals (2006)
18 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Adickes v. S. H. Kress & Co. · City of Canton v. Harris · Landgraf v. USI Film Products · Pembaur v. City of Cincinnati
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 25 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage of any State ..., subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in ah action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[s]exual harassment by a public official or employee can violate the Fourteenth Amendment right to equal protection of the laws thus triggering a [42 U.S.C] § 1983 cause of action.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“a municipal policy must be a 'policy statement, ordinance, regulation, or decision officially adopted and promulgated by [a muncipality's] officers.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.