State v. Gumm’s Empirical Analysis
1995
Citation profile
23 federal appellate · 557 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 586 later decisions — most recently March 2026 · most notably State v. Garner (1995), State v. Conway (2006)
23 federal appellate · 557 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Strickland v. Washington · Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · United States v. Mendenhall · State v. Bradley · Florida v. Bostick
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 586 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[i]n judging whether an individual has been placed into custody the test is whether, under the totality of the circumstances, a 'reasonable person would have believed that he was not free to leave.'”
31 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“does not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel per se, as that failure may be justified as a tactical decision”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“'[U]ndeveloped assertions that the proposed assistance would be useful to the defense are patently inadequate.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.