Pfizer Inc. v. Heckler’s Empirical Analysis
735 F.2d 1502 · 1984
Citation profile
12 federal appellate · 6 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 27 later decisions — most recently July 2009 · most notably National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Association, Inc. v. Louis W. Sullivan, M.D., Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1992), 686 F. Supp. 417 - Adams v. United States (1988)
12 federal appellate · 6 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 20 U.S.C. § 3508 · 35 U.S.C. § 154 · 35 U.S.C. § 261 · 42 U.S.C. § 1395F (§ 1814 of the Social Security Act of 1935) · 5 U.S.C. § 553 (Administrative Procedure Act of 1946)
Relies on Skidmore v. Swift & Co. · Udall v. Tallman · Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc. · Bowles v. Seminole Rock & Sand Co. · Morton v. Ruiz
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 27 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[u]nder settled principles of statutory and rule construction, a court may defer to administrative interpretations of a statute or regulation only when the plain meaning of the rule itself is doubtful or ambiguous,”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“a court should be guided by an administrative construction of a regulation only 'if the meaning of the words used is in doubt.' Deference to agency interpretations is not in order if the rule's meaning is clear on its face.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“only when the plain meaning of the [regulation] itself is doubtful or ambiguous.... Deference to agency interpretations is not in order if the [regulation's] meaning is clear on its face.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.