Callahan v. Woods’s Empirical Analysis
736 F.2d 1269 · 1984
Citation profile
36 federal appellate · 9 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 63 later decisions — most recently March 2024 · most notably United States v. Aguilar (1989), Fink v. National Savings & Trust Co. (1985)
36 federal appellate · 9 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 601 (§ 401 of the Social Security Act of 1935) · 42 U.S.C. § 602 (§ 402 of the Social Security Act of 1935)
Relies on Wisconsin v. Yoder · Sherbert v. Verner · Thomas v. Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division · United States v. Lee · Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Pacific Press Publishing Ass'n
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 63 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the 'least restrictive means' inquiry which is the critical aspect of the free exercise analysis.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“If the compelling state goal can be accomplished despite the exemption of a particular individual, then 'a regulation which denies an exemption is not the least restrictive means of furthering the state interest. A synthesis of the two prongs is therefore the question whether the government has a compelling interest in not exempting a religious individual from a particular regulation.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) the magnitude of the statute’s impact upon the exercise of religious belief, (2) the existence of a compelling state interest justifying the burden imposed upon the exercise of religious belief, and (3) the extent to which recognition of an exemption from the statute would impede the objectives sought to be advanced by the state.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.