738 So. 2d 415 - Richards v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1999
Citation profile
19
cited by 19 later decisions
2
states following
June 2019
most recently cited
17 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on 509 So. 2d 1078 - State v. Hightower · 469 So. 2d 194 - Carter v. State · Howard v. State · 547 So. 2d 657 - Stone v. State · 557 So. 2d 582 - Firkey v. State
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 19 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the term `union' and the term `penetration' are used with some precision. Union permits a conviction based on contact with the relevant portion of anatomy, whereas penetration requires some entry into the relevant part, however slight.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage“(h) "Sexual battery" means oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or union with, the sexual organ of another or the anal or vaginal penetration of another by any other object; ...”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“[S]exual battery can occur when the defendant's mouth has "union" with the victim's "sexual organ," but the defendant's finger must actually "penetrate" the vagina. If the defendant's finger does not penetrate the vagina, but only touches the vulva, the crime would appear to be a lewd and lascivious act.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.