United States v. Graham’s Empirical Analysis
739 F.2d 351 · 1984
Citation profile
14 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 15 later decisions — most recently January 2025
14 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 26 U.S.C. § 7206
Relies on Greene v. Massey · Duvall v. United States · United States v. Jewell · Alabama Great Southern Railroad v. Louisiana · Williams v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 15 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“facts of which he is less than absolutely certain. To act”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“You may find that the defendant acted knowingly if you find beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was aware of a high probability that the money sent to him by Carol Jones was stolen or had been obtained by fraud from Jackson County Escrow and that he deliberately avoided learning the truth. The element of knowledge may be inferred if defendant deliberately closed his eyes to what would otherwise have been obvious to him. You may not find that the defendant acted knowingly, however, if you find that the defendant actually believed that the money sent to him was not stolen or obtained by fraud from Jackson County Escrow. A showing of negligence, mistake, or carelessness is not sufficient to support a finding of knowledge.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“actual prejudice on the part of the challenged jurors, we have repeatedly rejected the argument that a juror's service in prior cases involving the same attorneys or witnesses supports a per se theory of implied bias”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.