Hill v. Clifton’s Empirical Analysis
74 F.3d 1150 · 1996
Citation profile
18 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 44 later decisions — most recently June 2017 · most notably Ortega v. Christian (1996), Scala v. City of Winter Park (1997)
18 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Pembaur v. City of Cincinnati · City of St. Louis v. Praprotnik · Augusta Iron & Steel Works, Inc. v. Employers Insurance of Wausau
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 44 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A city may be held responsible where the authorized policymakers 'approve a subordinate's decision and basis for it.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“Only those officials who have final policymaking authority may render the municipality liable under § 1983.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Brown v. Neumann · Cooper v. Dillon
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.