Carnell v. Grimm’s Empirical Analysis
74 F.3d 977 · 1996
Citation profile
22 federal appellate · 2 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 50 later decisions — most recently April 2022 · most notably Lee v. City of Los Angeles (2001), Gibson v. County of Washoe (2002)
22 federal appellate · 2 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Estelle v. Gamble · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Johnson v. Jones · City of Revere v. Massachusetts General Hospital · Act Up!/Portland v. Bagley
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 50 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[E]ven though pretrial detainees [sic] claims arise under the due process clause [of the Fourteenth Amendment], the [E]ighth [A]mendment guarantees provide a minimum standard of care for determining rights as a pretrial detainee, including rights ... to medical care.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) Was the law governing the official's conduct clearly established? (2) Under that law, could a reasonable officer have believed the conduct was lawful?”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Ramirez v. Reagan · Rogers“[A] defendant, entitled to invoke a qualified immunity defense, may not appeal a district court's summary judgment order insofar as that order determines whether or not the pretrial record sets forth a 'genuine' issue of fact for trial.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Ramirez v. Reagan
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.