United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit’s Empirical Analysis
1984
Citation profile
3 district · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 23 later decisions — most recently January 2016
3 district · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Mathews v. Eldridge · Buckley v. Valeo · Kremer v. Chemical Construction Corp. · Addington v. Texas · Ingraham v. Wright
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 23 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“"The process of establishing a written collective-bargaining agreement prescribing the terms and conditions of public employment may require not merely concord at the bargaining table, but subsequent approval by other public authorities; related budgetary and appropriations decisions might be seen as an integral part of the bargaining process."”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“So long as the lobbying activities are pertinent to the duties of the union as a bargaining representative and are not used to advance the political and ideological positions of the union, lobbying has no different constitutional implication from any other form of union activity that may be financed with representation fees.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Public employee bargaining is distinctive in that at least a portion of the union’s attention is directed away from the bargaining table, even for what would be designated the standard terms and conditions of employment under the NLRA: “[I]n the private sector, the employer must send someone to the bargaining table with authority to make a binding agreement. In the public sector this may not be legally possible or politically sensible. Wages and other benefits directly affect budget and the tax rates; but adopting budgets and levying taxes are considered, within our governmental system, fundamentál legislative polices to be decided by a legislative body, not by a negotiator at the bargaining table.... Modifications in state pension plans cannot, in most states, be made binding by negotiators, but must be rati-tied by the legislature. In the public sector, agreement at the bargaining table may be only an intermediate, not a final, step in the decisionmaking process.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.