Hayden v. Bracy’s Empirical Analysis
744 F.2d 1338 · 1984
Citation profile
22 federal appellate · 4 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 39 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2019 · most notably Summit Health, Ltd. v. Pinhas (1991), Wells Real Estate, Inc. v. Greater Lowell Board of Realtors (1988)
22 federal appellate · 4 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Rideout v. United States · Hospital Building Co. v. Trustees of Rex Hospital · McLain v. Real Estate Board of New Orleans, Inc. · Commonwealth National Bank v. Ashe · Data Disc, Inc. v. Systems Technology Associates, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 39 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“in his amended complaint that defendants’ actions (1) substantially raise prices for out-of-state patients obtaining obstetrical-gynecological services in Jefferson County and (2) substantially increase the costs of out-of-state third parties, such as the federal government and private insurance companies, that pay for patients’ medical care. Hayden supported these allegations with an affidavit in which he stated that he annually purchased $6,000 worth of office supplies from out-of-state vendors, and that he annually received over $100,000 (75% of his billings) from out-of-state insurance companies. Further, Hayden refers to the interrogatory answers of the hospital administrator indicating that the bills of 88% of the hospital patients were paid by third-party payors, 33% of which were Medicare payments. Hayden contends that these allegations, together with other supporting evidence, were sufficient to withstand defendants’ motion for summary dismissal. We disagree. The uncontroverted evidence in this case simply shows that defendants required Hayden to attend ninety days of postgraduate education, and that they agreed to provide coverage so that he would be able to do so. As a matter of practical economics, this requirement does not substantially affect interstate commerce. Hayden’s attendance at post-graduate courses would not substantially disrupt his practice because his colleagues agreed to cover for his patients. Consequently, medical services provided to Hayden’s pat”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.