Howard v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1987
Citation profile
18 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 18 later decisions — most recently November 2002
18 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Frye v. United States · State v. Superior Court · Turpin v. State · 145 Ill. App. 3d 996 - People v. Vega · People v. Loomis
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 18 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The HGN test calls for the subject’s eyes to follow the movement of an object. As the object moves steadily to one side of the sub- ject’s field of vision, the subject’s eyes eventually fail to track the object smoothly. The HGN test presumes that a sober person will exhibit smooth eye movement up to a greater angle than an intoxicated person.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Williams
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.