Bates v. Jean’s Empirical Analysis
745 F.2d 1146 · 1984
Citation profile
40 federal appellate · 2 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 80 later decisions — most recently November 2022 · most notably Rakovich v. Wade (1988), Simmons v. City of Philadelphia (1991)
40 federal appellate · 2 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Haines v. Kerner · Butz v. Economou · Hughes v. Rowe · Davis v. Scherer
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 80 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[p]ro se litigants are commonly required to comply with standards less stringent than those applied to expertly trained members of the legal profession”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“However, we find totally implausible any suggestion that the two special verdicts could be made consistent by construing them to mean that, although Jean knew that he was violating the plaintiffs rights, a reasonable person would not have known that these actions were a violation____ Under the court’s instructions, to have answered the first interrogatory in the affirmative, the jury would have had to find defendant Jean’s actions “shocking,” “callous,” or “brutal.” Such a finding cannot be reconciled with the finding that a reasonable prison guard would not have known that these actions were unlawful.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Valdez v. Farmon“It is impossible to knowingly violate a person's rights and yet be unaware that such actions are unconstitutional.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.