Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education’s Empirical Analysis
746 F.2d 1152 · 1984
Citation profile
27 federal appellate · 7 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 43 later decisions (3 by the Supreme Court) — most recently September 2006 · most notably Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education (1986), Local 28 of the Sheet Metal Workers' International Ass'n v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (1986)
27 federal appellate · 7 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on United Mine Workers of America v. Gibbs · International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States · Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education · Regents of the University of California v. Bakke · Hazelwood School District v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 43 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“test asks whether the affirmative action plan is 'substantially related' to the objectives of remedying past discrimination and correcting 'substantial' and 'chronic' underrepresentation”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“easier to defend in [court] than [a plan] mandated ab initio by federal trial courts.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“In the event that it becomes necessary to reduce the number of teachers through layoff from employment by the Board, teachers with the most seniority in the district shall be retained, except that at no time will there be a greater percentage of minority personnel laid off than the current percentage of minority personnel employed at the time of the layoff. In no event will the number given notice of possible layoff be greater than the number of positions to be eliminated. Each teacher so affected will be called back in reverse order for positions for which he is certificated maintaining the above minority balance.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.