United States v. Howard’s Empirical Analysis
751 F.2d 336 · 1984
Citation profile
19 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 26 later decisions — most recently September 2013 · most notably United States v. Campuzano (1990), United States v. Sasser (1992)
19 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2
Relies on Pennhurst State School & Hospital v. Halderman · United States v. Petersen · United States v. Andrews · United States v. Hines · United States v. Neal
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 26 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The sixth amendment right to confrontation is not denied simply because the prosecution is permitted to examine a witness who [sic] the defense declines for practical reasons to cross-examine.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.