Ray v. Young’s Empirical Analysis
753 F.2d 386 · 1985
Citation profile
18 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 22 later decisions — most recently October 2008
18 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 501
Relies on Eisenstadt v. Baker · Thaggard v. United States · Frank Sabolsky v. Michael Budzanoski Appeal of Louis A. Antal · Morrissey v. Curran · Anthony G. Pignotti v. Local #3 Sheet Metal Workers' International Association
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 22 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[heightened judicial scrutiny is not justified every time a union officer receives an indirect benefit from a union expenditure. For example, when a union officer enjoys a legitimate business dinner at union expense, he has received an indirect benefit. “Obviously, however, courts cannot and should not probe into the reasonableness of every union dinner. The line should be drawn in these cases between expenditures that benefit the union and those that do not.” Accordingly, if a union officer receives an indirect benefit from a transaction that also benefits the union, valid authorization will normally be a complete defense.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“a court will typically not have cause to review the reasonableness of the [decision].”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“but found that the plaintiffs had suffered no damages as a result of the tradename infringement. Neither party appeals the district court's disposition of this issue 2 According to their trial testimony, the Reaches did not maintain their own personal checking account during Harold Reach's tenure as Executive Director 3 Heightened judicial scrutiny is not justified every time a union officer receives an indirect benefit from a union expenditure. For example, when a union officer enjoys a legitimate business dinner at union expense, he has received an indirect benefit.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.