McMullen v. Carson’s Empirical Analysis
754 F.2d 936 · 1985
Citation profile
24 federal appellate · 4 district · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 65 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2022 · most notably Rankin v. McPherson (1987), McCabe v. Ce Sharrett (1994)
24 federal appellate · 4 district · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on New York Times Co. v. Sullivan · Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205 Will County Illinois · Connick v. Myers · Elrod v. Burns · Branti v. Finkel
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 65 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'the State, as an employer, [has an interest] in promoting the efficiency of the public services it performs through its employees.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Because lives are often at stake, the danger of harm to a police department's discipline is too great to insist on waiting for the harm to result.... Consequently, we conclude that a reasonable likelihood of harm generally is ... enough to support full consideration of the police department's ... interests”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the ... critical factor here is that plaintiff was employed by a law enforcement agency, the members of which are subject to greater First Amendment restraints than most other' citizens”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.